Cryogenic gases are gases that are kept in either liquid or gaseous form at extremely low temperatures. They have boiling points of low than -150 degrees Celsius. At normal temperature and pressure, these substances exist in their gaseous form. They usually have 2 main characteristics. The first characteristic is, when liquefied, small quantities of liquid can melt into very large quantities of gas. The 2nd property is that they are very cold.
Because of their low temperatures, they condense the atmospheric air to create fog that can be seen by the eyes. When stored in tanks that are poorly insulated, they condense the surrounding air to form a mixture of air and liquid. According to the WHMIS criteria, they are classified as compressed gasses.
Each cryogenic material has its specific characteristics, even though most can be categorized in one of three categories. The categories are flammable and inert gasses and oxygen. Inert gas never reacts chemically with most other materials. Materials placed under the inert category include krypton, nitrogen, Oregon, and neon. Flammable gas undergoes combustion in air. Key examples are hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, and methane among many others. Most materials termed as non-combustible burn when upon mixing with liquid atmospheric oxygen. This means that precautions observed in handling oxygen should be different to those of other cryogenics.
These substances are transported, used, and stored in containers that are greatly insulated. The containers are made in a manner that they can endure rapid changes in temperatures and they can also withstand great differences in temperatures. Examples of containers used include liquid dewar flasks, gas cylinders, and lab liquid dewar flasks. Gas cylinders contain valves for dispensing and filling up the gas and pressure-regulation valves with frangible disks as backup protection.
There are numerous health hazards linked to these materials and care should be taken when handling them. Health dangers are grouped into three categories, that is, extreme cold, toxicity, and asphyxiation. Cold gas and associated vapors might cause effects on human skins similar to thermal burns. Short-time exposure that has no effect on skins can affect delicate tissues and organs like eyes. Other negative effects are pain, lung damage, and frostbite.
Most of these gases are normally heavier than atmospheric air. They therefore displace air and settle on the floor creating a shortage of oxygen. Oxygen deficiency can cause asphyxiation and death eventually. It is therefore not recommended to handle the materials in enclosed rooms with poor ventilation. Substances such as carbon monoxide are highly toxic and can cause death in minutes if they leak into the environment.
These substances have several uses in various applications. First, the liquid forms are used as fuels in powering rockets and other high-speed planes. Other applications include food and blood conservation, electrical power transmission, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and forward looking infrared. Certain rare blood types need to be stored under extremely low temperatures to remain viable. They are also used in making detectors.
Of all Cryogenic gases, the most used one is liquefied nitrogen. Its possession and purchase if legal and it can be acquired from anywhere globally. Apparently, Dewar flasks are the best storage containers utilized.
Because of their low temperatures, they condense the atmospheric air to create fog that can be seen by the eyes. When stored in tanks that are poorly insulated, they condense the surrounding air to form a mixture of air and liquid. According to the WHMIS criteria, they are classified as compressed gasses.
Each cryogenic material has its specific characteristics, even though most can be categorized in one of three categories. The categories are flammable and inert gasses and oxygen. Inert gas never reacts chemically with most other materials. Materials placed under the inert category include krypton, nitrogen, Oregon, and neon. Flammable gas undergoes combustion in air. Key examples are hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, and methane among many others. Most materials termed as non-combustible burn when upon mixing with liquid atmospheric oxygen. This means that precautions observed in handling oxygen should be different to those of other cryogenics.
These substances are transported, used, and stored in containers that are greatly insulated. The containers are made in a manner that they can endure rapid changes in temperatures and they can also withstand great differences in temperatures. Examples of containers used include liquid dewar flasks, gas cylinders, and lab liquid dewar flasks. Gas cylinders contain valves for dispensing and filling up the gas and pressure-regulation valves with frangible disks as backup protection.
There are numerous health hazards linked to these materials and care should be taken when handling them. Health dangers are grouped into three categories, that is, extreme cold, toxicity, and asphyxiation. Cold gas and associated vapors might cause effects on human skins similar to thermal burns. Short-time exposure that has no effect on skins can affect delicate tissues and organs like eyes. Other negative effects are pain, lung damage, and frostbite.
Most of these gases are normally heavier than atmospheric air. They therefore displace air and settle on the floor creating a shortage of oxygen. Oxygen deficiency can cause asphyxiation and death eventually. It is therefore not recommended to handle the materials in enclosed rooms with poor ventilation. Substances such as carbon monoxide are highly toxic and can cause death in minutes if they leak into the environment.
These substances have several uses in various applications. First, the liquid forms are used as fuels in powering rockets and other high-speed planes. Other applications include food and blood conservation, electrical power transmission, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and forward looking infrared. Certain rare blood types need to be stored under extremely low temperatures to remain viable. They are also used in making detectors.
Of all Cryogenic gases, the most used one is liquefied nitrogen. Its possession and purchase if legal and it can be acquired from anywhere globally. Apparently, Dewar flasks are the best storage containers utilized.
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